冬虫夏草菌特征及其鉴别

僵虫似蚕,体表黄色,足8对,气微腥,味微苦。子座近圆筒形,棕褐色,柔韧细长,上部稍膨大,顶尖不孕。子囊壳基生,卵形。子囊细长,丛生自子囊壳基部,有顶帽。子囊孢子2（4）个,线形多隔,不断裂。无性阶段菌种（中国被毛孢）,生长缓慢,分生孢子梗单或簇生,分枝轮状,产孢细胞瓶形,分生孢子肾形至椭圆形,单孢,2个-4（6）个被一粘膜包围。     

有效积温对中华常春藤生长的影响

通过调查中华常春藤的生境和测量茎的生长情况,总结了中华常春藤的种植特点和分枝方式,同时利用SPSS软件的回归分析建立回归模型,并根据建立的模型用Excel软件绘制坐标图。结果表明:中华常春藤主枝生长完毕所需的有效积温为2 718.34℃/d;茎伸长量随有效积温延续的变化呈"S"形曲线,而茎伸长速度变化趋于钟罩型单峰曲线。再利用此结果估算出:在理想的生长条件下采用三角形定植方式定植中华常春藤为宜,并且植株与植株之间的最佳定植密度为510 mm×510 mm。     

Effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of sweet oranges by Asiatic citrus canker

Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas smithii ssp. citri , formerly X. axonopodis pv. citri , is one of the most serious phytosanitary problems in Brazilian citrus crops. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection and subsequent symptom development of citrus canker in sweet orange cvs Hamlin, Natal, Pera and Valencia. The quantified variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, mean lesion density and mean lesion size at temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42°C, and leaf wetness durations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Symptoms did not develop at 42°C. A generalized beta function showed a good fit to the temperature data, severity being highest in the range 30–35°C. The relationship between citrus canker severity and leaf wetness duration was explained by a monomolecular model, with the greatest severity occurring at 24 h of leaf wetness, with 4 h of wetness being the minimum duration sufficient to cause 100% incidence at optimal temperatures of 25–35°C. Mean lesion density behaved similarly to disease severity in relation to temperature variation and leaf wetness duration. A combined monomolecular-beta generalized model fitted disease severity, mean lesion density or lesion size as a function of both temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures for the occurrence of disease were 12°C and 40°C, respectively.     

中华真地鳖抗菌物质的抑菌活性测定

以研磨法从中华真地鳖五龄若虫体内提取得到抗菌物质,分别采用比浊法和菌碟法测定了其对多种细菌和植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,该抗菌物质对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白菜软腐菌和枯草芽孢杆菌等4种细菌生长均有一定的抑制作用,对数期延迟1~4h,菌的浓度、繁殖速度减缓。对7种植物病原真菌的抑菌试验表明,该抗菌物质对玉米茎基腐病菌、小麦根腐病菌、棉花枯萎病菌抑制效果较好,抑制率分别为50.0%、49.2%、45.2%;而对白菜黑斑病菌和玉米大斑病菌活性较差,抑制率仅为28.3%和24.5%。     

荔枝、龙眼园使用机油乳剂的安全性及其对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治研究

利用机油乳剂对果树进行安全性和防治荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley研究试验，结果表明，喷施机油乳剂后荔枝和龙眼的落果率与对照树4无差异，喷清水的对照树其蒂蛀虫蛀果率比喷机油乳剂的处理树高，分别为150、200和250倍机油乳剂处理的2.8、3.0和2.7倍。在荔枝、龙眼园应用机油乳剂防治害虫不会导致落叶、落果、畸形叶和畸形果，也不会延缓果实的生长和成熟及降低单果重，而有利于控制介壳虫、螨类、蛀果类等害虫。机油乳剂可替代广谱性化学农药的使用，减少化学农药的污染，有利于果园天敌的生存、繁殖，提高生物多样性，改善果园生态环境。     

Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre(-1), respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively.     

二棘血蜱叮咬中华硬蜱纯化抗原免疫接种宿主后的交叉免疫反应

选用中华硬蜱105kD柱层析纯化抗原对新西兰兔进行免疫接种,再用二棘血蜱进行叮咬,并与单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组和佐剂对照组进行对比,以探讨不同种属硬蜱之间的交叉免疫抗性。结果显示:单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组吸血量为181 3±44 3mg,而二棘血蜱叮咬由中华硬蜱105kD纯化抗原免疫接种组和佐剂对照组新西兰兔后其吸血量分别为102 1±25 3mg和168 5±40 9mg,纯化抗原免疫接种组较单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组和佐剂对照组吸血量分别下降43 7%和39 4%(P<0 01)。同时,纯化抗原免疫接种组也较单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组和佐剂对照组产卵量有显著下降。该研究结果表明中华硬蜱和二棘血蜱之间存在着交叉免疫反应。     

中华鳖红脖子、红底板病的病原分离鉴定

为检测广东某鳖场大批死亡的以红脖子、红底板败血型为主要特征的甲鱼 ,对病死甲鱼进行了病原分离与鉴定。采用现场用抗嗜水气单胞菌血清与病死鳖血液作血清学直接凝集反应 ,另外对病死甲鱼进行细菌、病毒分离鉴定。结果表明 ,血清学直接凝集反应为阳性 ,自同一病例中既分离到细菌——嗜水气单胞菌 ,又分离到病毒—类副黏病毒。该菌对小鼠的LD50 为 3 .5× 10 5CFU。病鳖组织滤液接种 8日龄 SPF鸡胚卵黄囊 ,自 F3 开始羊水有血球凝集现象。滤液及 F3羊水经超速离心作电镜样品观察 ,都有多形态带囊膜的类副黏病毒。细菌、病毒相继人工感染甲鱼 ,结果发现病毒不致死甲鱼 ,而细菌是致死甲鱼的主要病原     

中华鳖肠道黏膜上皮细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜技术，对15只正常中华鳖小肠和大肠黏膜上皮细胞的超微结构进行了研究。结果表明，中华鳖小肠黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，以高柱状吸收细胞为主，具有发达的微绒毛、线粒体、粗面内质网和膜包小囊泡，其结构的发达程度已接近高等哺乳动物和鸟类。吸收细胞之间可见少量低电子密度的亮细胞，其种类需进一步确定。杯状细胞明显可见，胞质内含大量黏液性颗粒，细胞游离面形成明显的微绒毛。内分泌细胞很少。大肠黏膜上皮细胞排列松散，全部由上下粗细不均的柱状细胞组成。大肠上皮内未见专门的杯状细胞，但上皮细胞顶部胞质内含大量黏液颗粒，细胞器分布于黏液颗粒团之下的胞质中。细胞间隙宽大明显，有利于黏膜免疫细胞出入上皮。小肠和大肠均未见腺体分布。     

不同激素对碧云茶树丛生芽增殖培养的影响实验

为了获得碧云茶树的组培技术,加快其优良品种繁殖速度,2010～2011年进行了不同浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA和生长素NAA对碧云茶树丛生芽增殖培养的影响。结果表明,以MS为基本培养基,当6-BA为2.0 mg/L,NAA为0.2 mg/L时,对碧云茶树芽的诱导和增殖最有利,增殖率可达2.84;其中NAA差异不显著,6-BA差异显著。